Understanding the Differences Between Piles (Hemorrhoids), Anal Fistula, and Anal Fissures

• Cause:Piles are swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus) and are often caused by increased pressure in the rectal area.
• Symptoms: Common symptoms include pain, itching, discomfort, bleeding during bowel movements, and a lump or swelling near the anus.
• Treatment: Treatment ranges from lifestyle modifications (increasing fiber intake, topical treatments) to medical procedures (rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, surgery for severe cases).

2. Anal Fistula

• Cause: An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel-like connection that forms between the inside of the anus or rectum and the skin around the anus. It typically develops after an anal abscess (localized infection) has drained improperly.
• Symptoms: Symptoms include recurrent anal abscesses, persistent pain, discharge of pus or blood from the anus, and sometimes fever.
• Treatment:Treatment usually involves surgical intervention to remove the fistula and promote proper healing. Procedures may include fistulotomy, seton placement, or more complex surgeries depending on the fistula's location and severity.

3. Anal Fissure

• Cause: An anal fissure is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anus, often caused by trauma during bowel movements due to hard stools or straining.
• Symptoms: Symptoms include severe pain during and after bowel movements, bleeding (bright red blood on toilet paper), itching, and sometimes a visible tear.
• Treatment: Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and promoting healing. This may include dietary changes (increasing fiber intake, drinking more fluids), topical medications (ointments to relax the anal sphincter), and in some cases, surgery if conservative measures fail.